--- title: CLS 2400 希臘文新約詮釋 description: "# **Greek New Testament Exegesis** [CLS 2400 Greek New Testament Exegesis](https://cbscl.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CLS-2400-Greek-New-Testament-Exegesis.pdf)[Download](https://cbscl.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CLS-2400-Greek-New-Testament-Exegesis.pdf) Cantonese/Mandarin 粵語/華語 3 Credit Hours 3 學分 12-week online course 12周在線課程 About 4 hours of recorded video lectures and online interaction each week 每周約4小時的講座視頻和在線互動 Choice of Cantonese or Mandarin…" url: "https://cbscl.org/docs/cls-2400/" updated: "2026-01-18" category: syllabus --- # CLS 2400 希臘文新約詮釋 # **Greek New Testament Exegesis** [CLS 2400 Greek New Testament Exegesis](https://cbscl.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CLS-2400-Greek-New-Testament-Exegesis.pdf)[Download](https://cbscl.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CLS-2400-Greek-New-Testament-Exegesis.pdf) Cantonese/Mandarin 粵語/華語 3 Credit Hours 3 學分 12-week online course 12周在線課程 About 4 hours of recorded video lectures and online interaction each week 每周約4小時的講座視頻和在線互動 Choice of Cantonese or Mandarin Video Lectures 自選粵語或華語視頻講座 Assignments may be submitted in Chinese or English 作業可以中文或英文提交 **COURSE DESCRIPTION** **課程簡介** An exegesis of a designated New Testament text Philippians with additional study of Greek grammar and syntax beyond that undertaken in Introduction to Biblical Greek. **COURSE OBJECTIVES** **課程目的** Upon the successful completion of this course, the student should: 1. Demonstrate a greater proficiency in the use of the Greek language for personal and professional study; 2. Advance translation skills by producing a good English translation of New Testament passages; 3. Review and advance the understanding of Greek grammar, syntax, and vocabulary; 4. Advance in understanding issues of textual criticism; 1. Understand methodological approaches for exegesis and their impact on interpretation; 2. Develop the ability to use Greek language tools skillfully and effectively for both personal Bible study and for preparing studies for teaching or preaching; 3. Develop the desire for ongoing study in the Greek language for the effective sharing of the Gospel message. **REQUIRED TEXTBOOK** **必備課本** Fee, Gordon. *Paul’s Letter to the Philippians*. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Eerdmans, 1995.             *[for a cheaper option, look for a used copy or Kindle version] Wallace, Daniel. *The Basics of New Testament Syntax: An Intermediate Greek Grammar*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009. * The Zondervan+ language textbooks have online resources for Instructors and Students. Simply sign up for an account to have access to many useful resources, such as slides, quizzes, workbook answers, and much more. ([https://zondervanacademic.com/](https://zondervanacademic.com/)) **GRADING** **評分** Over the course of the semester the following evaluation exercises will be used to determine the level of mastery of course context achieved by each class participant: 1. ***Class attendance and participation*** (10%) This will be in large and small group activities, essential to the learning process. Both the participation of the student on each class day and the degree to which the student has completed assignments in preparation for class will be factored in to the participation grade. - ***Reading***(20%) Students will read *Fee* and *Wallace* books. - ***Translations*** (20%) Students will work on translations assigned in the course schedule and have ready for each weekly class. The instructor will check for completion rather than accuracy. - ***Weekly quizzes*** (20%) A quiz will be given at the beginning of each class as noted in the schedule below. Quizzes will focus on material introduced in lectures and *Wallace* chapters assigned for the previous week. The four lowest quiz grades will be dropped. - ***Word Study*** (10%) Students will conduct a word study from the book being studied. The word study will be 3-5 pages. This will inductively evaluate all occurrences of the word in the NT to produce a range of definitions and uses. They will then evaluate at least one Greek lexicon and/or word study resource for the definitions and uses to compare with their findings. Following this, they will pick a passage in which the word occurs and evaluate its meaning in context. The word will be evaluated for its significance in context and how it affects the understanding of the passage.   - ***Exegetical Paper*** (20%) Students will write a detailed exegesis papers on a passage (5-10 verses), based on the Greek text of the book studied for the semester. Each paper will be 4-6 pages (or turned into presentations). The paper should include the following elements: 1. Personal Translation of passage. 2. Structural outline of the passage with an explanation following, based on Greek grammar and syntax. 3. Textual and lexical analysis: include textual issues and variants, conduct word studies on key words, and assess the important literary components. 4. Identify historical and cultural aspects in the passage and book context. 5. Interpretations and Theology. Provide understanding of interpretation and theological insights for the passage based on inductive study. Identify a main idea of the text. 6. Critical analysis of scholarly interpretations. Summarize and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of scholarly views of the passage, along with how your own interpretation corresponds. 7. Contemporary relevance and application of the teachings for local context. **Semester Grades** *Participation*              10% *Reading                      *20% *Translations*               20% *Quizzes*                       20% *Word Study                *10% *Exegetical paper*         20% *Total*                           100% **GRADING SCALE** **評分****等級** | ** ** | **A** | **A-** | | --- | --- | --- | | ** ** | 94-100 | 90-93 | | **B+** | **B** | **B-** | | 87-89 | 84-86 | 80-83 | | **C+** | **C** | **C-** | | 77-79 | 74-76 | 70-73 | | **D+** | **D** | **D-** | | 67-69 | 64-66 | 60-63 | | ** ** | **F** |   | | ** ** | 0-59 |   | **LECTURES AND ASSIGNMENTS** **講座與作業** | **Week** | **Lectures** | **Assignments** | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Introduction to Course Introduce value of biblical languages in ministry Introduce software and tools for using biblical Greek Lecture on *Wallace:* Cases - Nominative and Vocative Introduce NT Book (e.g. Philippians) **Overview of exegetical method** |   | | 2 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Cases - Genitive, Dative, Accusative Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* Lecture on *Wallace:* The Article **Special Lecture on Word Studies** | Quiz on Week 1 Translate & Parse: Philippians 1:1-11 | | 3 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Adjectives and Pronouns Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* | Quiz on Week 2 Translate & Parse: Philippians 1:12-18 | | 4 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Prepositions Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* **Special Lecture on Macro-structure/Discourse** | Quiz on Week 3 Translate & Parse: Philippians 1:19-30 | | 5 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Person and Number Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* Lecture on *Wallace:* Voice **Special Lecture on Textual Criticism** | Quiz on Week 4 Translate & Parse: Philippians 2:1-11 | | 6 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Moods - Indicative and Subjunctive Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* | Quiz on Week 5 Translate & Parse: Philippians 2:12-18 | | 7 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Moods - Optative and Imperative Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* **Special Lecture on *Exegetical Fallacies*** | Quiz on Week 6 Translate & Parse: Philippians 2:19-30 **Word Study DUE** | | 8 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Tenses - Present, and Imperfect Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* Lecture on *Wallace:* Tenses - Aorist, Future, Perfect, Pluperfect **Special Lecture on Exegetical Tools (print and electronic)** | Quiz on Week 7 Translate & Parse: Philippians 3:1-16 | | 9 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Infinitives Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* | Quiz on Week 8 Translate & Parse: Philippians 3:17-21 | | 10 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Participles Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis* **Special Lecture on *Using New Testament Greek in Ministry*** | Quiz on Week 9 Translate & Parse: Philippians 4:1-9   | | 11 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Conjunctions Lecture on *Fee: NT Exegesis*   | Quiz on Week 10 Translate & Parse: Philippians 4:10-23 | | 12 | Lecture on *Wallace:* Clauses Review *Fee, Wallace, Philippians* | Quiz on Week 11 **Exegetical Paper DUE** | **SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY** **精選參考書目** **RECOMMENDED RESOURCES** Aland, Barbara, et. al., ed. *The Greek New Testament*. 5th edition. UBS: 2014. (UBS5) **Available as a Logos book or in hard copy. Black, David Alan. *Using New Testament Greek in Ministry: A Practical Guide for Students and Pastors*. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993. Campbell, Constantine R. *Advances in the Study of Greek: New Insights for Reading the New Testament*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2015. Carson, D. A. *Exegetical Fallacies*. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Paternoster, 1996. Duvall, J. Scott, and J. Daniel Hays. *Grasping God's Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible*. 4th ed. Zondervan, 2019. Fee, Gordon D. *New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors*. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox, 2002. ** [Alternative version] Fee, Gordon, and Douglas Stuart. *How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth*. 4th Ed. Zondervan, 2014. **HELPFUL RESOURCES** Bauer, Walter. *A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature*. Edited by W. Danker, W.F. Arndt, and F.W. Gingrich. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. (BDAG) Hellerman,Joseph. *Philippians*. Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2015. Louw, Johannes P. and Eugene A. Nida, eds. *Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains.* 2nd ed. New York: UBS, 1989. Silzer, Peter J. and Thomas J. Finley. *How Biblical Languages Work: A Student's Guide to Learning Hebrew and Greek.* Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2004. Wallace, Daniel B. and Grant G. Edwards. *A Workbook for New Testament Syntax: Companion to Basics of New Testament Syntax and Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament.* Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007. Wallace, Daniel. *New Testament Greek Syntax: Laminated sheet*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan: 2009. (A helpful quick reference for Greek syntax). LOGOS Bible Software. (This software is a helpful research tool for biblical languages and exegesis. Ensure Greek text is included. Students are eligible for a discount upon request – advance@gs.edu.) Gateway Library Online: [library.gs.edu](library.gs.edu) has a number of online lexicons, commentaries, and language resources (use eBooks tab and Research Guides link) Other Online Biblical Language Study Resources:       [https://biblehub.com/](https://biblehub.com/) (lexicon, interlinear, concordance)       [https://www.scripturedirect.com/index.php](https://www.scripturedirect.com/index.php) (interlinear)       [https://www.blueletterbible.org/](https://www.blueletterbible.org/) (lexicon, interlinear, commentary)       [https://www.biblegateway.com/](https://www.biblegateway.com/) (SBLGNT text)       [http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/](http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/) (Greek lexicon, sources) **ADDITIONAL RESOURCES** **Bibliographical Guides** Carson, D. A. *New Testament Commentary Survey*. 7th ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. *An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture*. 3rd ed. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1981. France, R.T. *A Bibliographical Guide to New Testament Research*. 3rd ed. Sheffield, England: J.S.O.T Press, 1979. Hort, Erasmus. *The Bible Book: Resources for Reading the New Testament*. New York: Crossroad, 1983. Scholer, David M. *A Basic Bibliographic Guide for New Testament Exegesis*. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973. **Exegetical Method** Blomberg, Craig L. and Jennifer F. Markley. *A Handbook of New Testament Exegesis*. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010. Erickson, Richard J. *A Beginner’s Guide to New Testament Exegesis. Taking the Fear out of the Critical Method*. Downers Grove: IVP, 2005. Gorman, Michael J. *Elements of Biblical Exegesis: A Basic Guide for Students and Ministers*. Rev. and ex. ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2010. Köstenberger Andreas J. and Richard D. Patterson. *For the Love of God's Word: An Introduction to Biblical Interpretation.* Abridged and revised ed. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2015. Novakovic,Lidija.*Philippians*. Baylor Handbook on the NT series. Baylor University Press, 2020. O’Brien,Peter.*Philippians.* The New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991. **Great resource but flagged for plagiarism Porter, Stanley E. *Linguistic Analysis of the Greek New Testament: Studies in Tools, Methods, and Practice*. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2015. Rogers, Cleon L. and Fritz Rienecker. *The New Linguistic and Exegetical Key to the Greek New Testamen*t. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Vlachos, Chris A. *Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament: James*. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013. Zerwick, Max. *A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament*. 5th ed. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1996. **Grammars** Black, David Alan. *It’s Still Greek to Me: An Easy to Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek*. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. Blass, Friedrich and Albert DeBrunner. *A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature*. Translated and revised by Robert W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1961. Easley, Kendell H. *User-Friendly Greek: A Common Sense Approach to the Greek New Testament.*Nashville: B&H, 1994 Levinsohn, Stephen H. *Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek*. 2^nd ed. Dallas: SIL International, 2000. Moule, C.F.D. *An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek*. 2d ed. Cambridge: University Press, 1959. Nida, Eugene A. and J.P. Louw. *Lexical Semantics of the Greek New Testament*. SBL Resources for Biblical Studies. Edited by David E. Aune. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1992. Robertson, A. T. *Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research*. 4th ed. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1934. Runge, Steven E. D*iscourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis.* Bellingham: Lexham, 2010. Wallace, Daniel B. *Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics.*Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. **Improving Your Greek** Constantine Campbell. *Keep Your Greek: Strategies for Busy People*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. Mounce, William. *Biblical Greek: A Compact Guide*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011. Lamerson, Samuel. *English Grammar to Ace New Testament Greek*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004. Strauss, Mark L. *The Biblical Greek Companion for Bible Software Users*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2016. **Textual Criticism** Bruce, F. F. *The New Testament Documents Are They Reliable?* 6th ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003. Barr, James. *The Semantics of Biblical Language*. London: Oxford University Press, 1961. Comfort, Philip Wesley. *Encountering the Manuscripts*. Nashville: B&H, 2005. Comfort, Philip Wesley and David P. Barrett. *The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts*. Nashville: B&H, 2001. Epp, Eldon Jay, and Gordon D Fee. *Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism.* Studies and Documents, vol. 45. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993. Greenlee, J. Harold. *An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism*. 2^nd ed. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995. Metzger, B. M. *The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration*. 2^nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968. Metzger, Bruce M. *A Textual Commentary on the New Testament*. 2^nd ed. London: United Bible Societies, 1994. **Lexicons and Dictionaries** Liddell, Henry and Robert Scott. *A Greek-English Lexicon.*9th ed. Revised by Henry Jones. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Louw, Johannes P. and Eugene A. Nida, eds. *Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains,*2 vols. 2nd ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1989. Mounce, William D. *Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992. **Lexical Aids and Guides** Beale, G.K., Daniel J. Brendsel, and William A. Ross. *An Interpretive Lexicon of New Testament Greek: Analysis of Prepositions, Adverbs, Particles, Relative Pronouns, and Conjunctions*. Zondervan, 2014. Black, David Alan. *Linguistics for Students of New Testament Greek: A Survey of Basic Concepts and Applications*. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1988. Metzger, Bruce M. *Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek.*3rd ed. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1990. Mounce, William D. *The Morphology of Biblical Greek.*Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994. Rogers Jr., Cleon L. and Cleon L. Rogers III. *The New Linguistic and Exegetical Key to the Greek New Testament*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Trenchard, Warren C. *The Student's Complete Vocabulary Guide to the Greek New Testament*. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Zerwick, Maximillian and Mary Grosvenor. *A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament.*Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1979. **Theological Dictionaries** Balz, Horst and Gerhard Schneider, eds. *Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament,*3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990,1993. Brown, Colin, ed. *New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology*, 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976-1984. Kittel, Gerhard and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. *Theological Dictionary of the New Testament*, 10 vols. Translated by G. W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964-76. Silva, Moisés. *Biblical Words and Their Meaning. An Introduction to Lexical Semantics*. 2^nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995. Silva, Moisés, ed. *The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. Spicq, Ceslas. *Theological Lexicon of the New Testament*, 3 vols. Translated and edited by James D. Ernest. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994.