Old Testament Exegesis #
Cantonese/Mandarin
粵語/華語
3 Credit Hours
3 學分
12-week online course
12周在線課程
About 4 hours of recorded video lectures and online interaction each week
每周約4小時的講座視頻和在線互動
Choice of Cantonese or Mandarin Video Lectures
自選粵語或華語視頻講座
Assignments may be submitted in Chinese or English
作業可以中文或英文提交
COURSE DESCRIPTION
課程簡介
An intensive study to further the student’s competency in exegesis and understanding the content, background, and message of the Old Testament. This will be done through the select examination of one representative book from each of the three divisions of the Hebrew canon of the Old Testament: Torah, Prophets, and Writings.
一個提高詮釋舊約內容、背景及訊息力的密集課程。本課程將從舊約聖經的律法書、先知書和智慧書中，各挑選一本有代表性的書籍進行研讀。
COURSE OBJECTIVES
課程目的
This course is designed to provide you with a more advanced foundation upon which to build fruitful exegetical, theological, and ministerial practice.
Upon successful completion of this course, students should have an:
- Intimate knowledge of three representative Old Testament books, including their historical and literary contexts, detailed outlines, and individual messages,
- Understanding of the place and function in the overall canon of the Old Testament for each of these books and the passages within each book, including inter-textual connections and canonical considerations,
- In-depth understanding of the interpretation(s), significance, and message, of each of these books,
- Ability to understand and utilize proper exegetical methodologies (hermeneutics), and
- Ability to apply the Old Testament to personal Christian growth as well as the individual’s mission and ministry.
本課程旨在提供進階的基礎，在詮釋、神學及傳道實務上建立果效。
成功完成本課程後，學員應具備以下能力:
- 深入認識三本具代表性的舊約聖經，包括它們的歷史與文學背景、詳細的大綱，以及個別的訊息、
- 了解每卷書在舊約整體正典中的地位和功能，以及每卷書中的經文，包括文本間的連結和正典的考量、
- 深入了解每卷書的詮釋、意義和訊息、
- 了解並運用適當詮釋方法（詮釋學）的能力，以及
- 將舊約應用於基督徒個人成長以及個人使命與事奉的能力。
REQUIRED TEXTBOOK
必備課本
A subscription to the online library service Perlego is recommended. The following textbooks can be found inside Perlego.
建議訂閱線上圖書館服務 Perlego。下列教科書可在 Perlego 內找到。
Fretheim, Terrence. Exodus. Interpretation Bible Commentary. Louisville: WJK, 2010.
Longman III, Tremper. Job. Baker Commentary on the Old Testament Wisdom and Psalms. Baker, 2012.
Oswalt, John. N. The Book of Isaiah: Chapters 1-39, 40-66. 2 vol. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.
GRADING
評分
Online Participation: 20%
Set aside about three hours each week to watch video lectures and participate in online interaction.
Weekly Quizzes: 30%
These quizzes will cover the weekly lecture material and the assigned reading as determined by the instructor.
Mid-term and Final Examinations: 20%
The mid-term and final examinations will cover the lecture material and the assigned reading as determined by the instructor.
Term Paper and Video Report: 30%
Write a research paper according to the requirements as determined by the instructor and present a video report.
在線參與:20％
自選時間，觀看預先錄影的講座視頻和參與在線互動，每週約需要3小時。
每週小測驗:30%
這些小測驗將涵蓋講義材料和指導老師確定的指定閱讀材料。
期中及期末考試:20％
該測試將涵蓋講義材料和指導老師確定的指定閱讀材料。
論文及報告:30％
按照導師確定的要求撰寫研究論文，並提交視訊報告。
GRADING SCALE
評分等級
| A | A- | |
| 94-100 | 90-93 | |
| B+ | B | B- |
| 87-89 | 84-86 | 80-83 |
| C+ | C | C- |
| 77-79 | 74-76 | 70-73 |
| D+ | D | D- |
| 67-69 | 64-66 | 60-63 |
| F | ||
| 0-59 |
LECTURES AND ASSIGNMENTS
講座與作業
This course will span 12 weeks. Students set aside four hours for themselves each week to watch recorded lectures and participate in online exercises. There will be weekly open-book quizzes as well as open-book midterm and final examinations.
本課程為期12星期，學員需要每週自選方便的最多4小時觀看預先錄影的講座視頻和參與在線互動、參與開卷的在線測驗、期中考試及期末考試。
| Week 周 | Lecture 講座 | Reading 閱讀 | Assignment 作業 |
| 1 | Introduction to courseIntroduction to Canon, Transmission, and TranslationExegetical Methods (Text, History, Theology)Introduction to TorahOverview of Hebrew Narrative and HistoriographyIntroduction and Overview of Exodus | Arnold/Byer: read ANE Treaty/Covenants | Quiz |
| 2 | Exodus 1-6: Bondage and PharoahIn-class Exegesis ch. 4Exodus 7-18: deliverance and GrumblingIn-class Exegesis ch. 17 | Exodus 1-6 & Fretheim Exodus 7-18 & Fretheim | Quiz |
| 3 | Exodus 19-40: Community and CovenantIn-class Exegesis ch. 34 | Exodus 19-40 & Fretheim | Quiz |
| 4 | Exodus in the Canon: Torah, Old Testament, New TestamentExodus and Theology: Covenant, God’s name, Exodus and the wilderness | Deuteronomy 1-11 Joshua 1-5 Isaiah 43 Matt 1-4 And selections from Psalms, and Prophets | Quiz |
| 5 | Introduction to the ProphetsFundamentals of Hebrew Poetry Introduction and Overview of IsaiahRelation to ANE parallelsIsaiah 1-12: The Prophet & the PeopleIn-class Exegesis ch. 11 | Arnold/Byer: read ANE Prophecies Isaiah 1-12 & Oswalt | Quiz |
| 6 | Isaiah 13-39: A Nation in TurmoilIn-class Exegesis chs. 24-25 | Isaiah 13-39 & Oswalt | Mid-term Exam |
| 7 | Isaiah 40-66: God’s Unfolding PlanIn-class Exegesis chs. 65-66 | Isaiah 40-66 & Oswalt | Quiz |
| 8 | Isaiah in the Canon: Prophets, Old Testament, New TestamentIsaiah and Theology: Monotheism, Redemption, Creation, SalvationIsaiah and Messianism: OT, 2nd Temple Period, NT, Early Church | 2 Kings 15-17 Micah Zechariah 3, 6 Various NT passages quoting Isaiah | Quiz |
| 9 | Introduction to Wisdom LiteratureIntroduction and Overview of JobRelation to ANE parallels | Arnold/Byer: ANE Wisdom | Quiz |
| 10 | Job 1-27: The Nature of Human ExistenceIn-class Exegesis ch. 2 | Job 1-27 & Longman | Quiz |
| 11 | Job 28-42: God’s View & the Source of WisdomIn-class Exegesis chs. 28, 40 | Job 28-42 & Longman | Quiz |
| 12 | Job in the Canon: Ketuvim, Old Testament, New TestamentJob and Theology: Wisdom Correction, Chaos vs. Order, Retributive Theology, Theodicy, Experiential Faith, “Satan” in the Old Testament, Suffering | Proverbs Ecclesiastes Deut 1-4, 27-28 Joshua 1-2 2 Kings 17 Habakkuk Various Psalms quoted in NT | Final Exam Research Paper |
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
精選參考書目
Arnold, Bill T. and Bryan E. Beyer. Readings from the Ancient Near East. Baker, 2002.
Curtis, Edward M. Interpreting the Wisdom Books. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
Davis, Andrew M. Exalting Jesus in Isaiah. Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary. B&H, 2017.
Duvall, J. Scott, and J. Daniel Hays. Grasping God’s Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible. 4th ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2020.
Fee, G. D., and D. Stuart. How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth. 4th ed. Zondervan, 2014.
Longman, Tremper III. The Fear of the Lord is Wisdom: A Theological Introduction to Wisdom in Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2017.
Matthews, Victor H. and Don C. Benjamin. Old Testament Parallels. 4th ed. Paulist, 2016.
Merida, Tony. Exalting Jesus in Exodus. Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary. B&H, 2014.
Smith, Gary V. Interpreting the Prophetic Books. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
Wegner, Paul. Isaiah. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. IVP, 2021.
Vogt, Peter T. Interpreting the Pentateuch. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
LOGOS Bible Software. (This software is a helpful research tool for biblical languages and exegesis. Ensure Hebrew text is included. Students are eligible for a discount upon request – advance@gs.edu)
Gateway Library Online: library.gs.edu has a number of online lexicons, commentaries, and resources (use eBooks tab and Research Guides link – for help, contact circulation@gs.edu)
Other Online Biblical Study Resources:
https://biblehub.com/ (lexicon, interlinear, concordance, commentaries)
https://www.blueletterbible.org/ (lexicon, interlinear, commentary)
https://www.biblegateway.com/ (dictionaries, commentaries)
https://www.scripturedirect.com/index.php (interlinear)
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/ (NETS – Eng. trans. of LXX)
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Exodus
Childs, Brevard S. The Book of Exodus: A Critical, Theological Commentary. OTL. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1974.
Durham, John I. Exodus. WBC. Waco: Word, 1987.
Enns, Peter. Exodus. NIV Application Commentary. Zondervan, 2000.
Gowan, Donald E. Theology in Exodus: Biblical Theology in the Form of a Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1994.
Larsson, Göran. Bound for Freedom: The Book of Exodus in Jewish and Christian Tradition. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1999.
Meyer, Lester. The Message of Exodus: A Theological Commentary. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1983.
Meyer, Carol. Exodus. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Motyer, J. A. The Message of Exodus. The Bible Speaks Today. Downers Grove: IVP, 2005.
Sarna, N. Exodus. JPS Torah Commentary. Jewish Publication Society, 1991.
Stuart, Douglas K. Exodus. New American Commentary. Nashville: B&H, 2006.
Additional Exodus resources:
Albright, William F. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths. The Jordan Lectures of 1965. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. Reprinted 1978, 1990, 1994, 2001.
Blum, Howard. The Gold of Exodus: The Discovery of the True Mount Sinai. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Bright, John. Covenant and Promise: The Prophetic Understanding of the Future in Pre-Exilic Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.
Brotzman, Ellis R. Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.
Cate, Robert L. Old Testament Roots for New Testament Faith. Nashville: Broadman, 1982.
Dalglish, Edward R. The Great Deliverance: A Concise Exposition of the Book of Exodus. Nashville: Broadman, 1977.
Longman III, Tremper and Peter Enns, eds. The Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. IVP, 2008.
Walzer, Michael. Exodus and Revolution. Basic Books, 1985.
Williams, Larry. The Mount Sinai Myth. New York: Wynwood Press, 1990.
Williams, Michael E., ed. The Storyteller’s Companion to the Bible: Exodus-Joshua. Vol. 2. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1992.
Isaiah
Baltzer, Klaus. Deutero-Isaiah: A Commentary on Isaiah 40-55. Hermeneia. Minnneapolis: Fortress, 2001.
Blenkinsopp, J. Isaiah: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. 3 volumes. Anchor Bible Commentaries. New York: Doubleday, 2003.
Calvin, John. Commentary on the Prophet Isaiah. 4 vols. Translated by William Pringle. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972.
Childs, B.S. Isaiah. Old Testament Library. Louisville: WJK, 2001.
Clements, R. E. Isaiah 1-39. New Century Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980.
Goldingay, J. Isaiah. New International Biblical Commentary. Hendrickson, 2001.
Kaiser, Otto. Isaiah 1-12, 13-39: A Commentary. Old Testament Library. 2nd ed. 2 vol. Trans. J. Bowden. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983.
Motyer, J. A. Isaiah. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. IVP, 1999.
Motyer, J. A. The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction & Commentary. Grand Rapids: IVP, 1993.
Oswalt, John. N. The Book of Isaiah Chapters 1-39, 40-66. 2 vols. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.
Smith, Gary V. Isaiah. The New American Commentary. 2 vols. Nashville: B&H, 2009.
Watts, J. D. W. Isaiah 1-66. 2 vols. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco, TX: Word, 1985-91.
Westermann, Claus. A Commentary. Old Testament Library. Trans. David M. G. Stalker. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1969.
Wildberger, H. Isaiah 1-39. 3 vols. Continental Commentaries. Minneapolis: Augsburg/Fortress, 1991-2002.
Whybray, R. N. Isaiah 40-66. New Century Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975.
Additional Isaiah resources:
Ackroyd, P. “Isaiah I-XII: Presentation of a Prophet.” VTSupp 29 (1978):16-48.
Allis, O.T. The Unity of Isaiah: A Study in Prophecy. Philadelphia: Presbyterian & Reformed, 1950.
Anderson, B.W. and W. Harrelson, eds. Israel’s Prophetic Heritage: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg. New York: Harper & Row, 1962.
Blank, S.H. Prophetic Faith in Isaiah. New York: Harper & Row, 1958.
Carr, David M. “Reading Isaiah from Beginning (Isaiah 1) to End (Isaiah 65-66): Multiple Modern Possibilities.” In New Visions of the Book of Isaiah. Eds. M. Sweeney and R. Melugin. JSOT Supplement Series 214. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996. Pp. 188-218
Childs, B.S. Isaiah and the Assyrian Crisis. SBT 2/3. London: SCM, 1967.
Driver, S.R. Isaiah: His Life and Times. 2nd ed. London 1897.
Firth, David and H. Williamson, eds. Interpreting Isaiah: Issues and Approaches. Nottingham: Apollos, 2009.
Holliday, W. L. Isaiah: Scroll of a Prophetic Heritage. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.
Kissane, E. J. The Book of Isaiah. Dublin: Bowne & Nolan, 1926.
Knight, George A. F. Servant Theology: A Commentary on the Book of Isaiah 40-66 in International Theological Commentary. Revised ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984.
Leupold, H. Exposition of Isaiah. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1963-1971.
Longman III, Tremper and Peter Enns, eds. The Dictionary of the Old Testament: Prophets. IVP, 2008.
Mowinckel, Sigmund. He That Cometh. Trans. G. W. Anderson. Nashville: Abingdon, 1954.
North, C. R. The Suffering Servant in Deutero-Isaiah: An Historical and Critical Study. Oxford: Oxford University, 1948.
Orelli, von C. The Prophecies of Isaiah. Trans. J. S. Banks. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1889.
Ottley, R. R. The Book of Isaiah According to the Septuagint. 2 vols. London: Clay & Sons, 1904-1906.
Ridderbos, J. Isaiah. Bible Student’s Commentary. Trans. John Vriend. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1985.
Scott, R.B.Y. The Book of Isaiah. The Interpreter’s Bible. Nashville: Abington Press, 1956.
Stenning, J. F. The Targum of Isaiah. Oxford: Clarendon, 1949.
Widyapranawa, S. H. The Lord is Savior Faith in National Crisis: A Commentary on the Book of Isaiah 1-39 in International Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.
Williamson, H.G.M. The Book Called Isaiah. Oxford: Clarendon, 2005.
Young, Edward J. The Book of Isaiah. 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972.
Job
Alden, R. L. Job. New American Commentary. Nashville: Broadman, 1993.
Andersen, Francis I. Job: An Introduction & Commentary. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. IVP, 2008.
Clines, D.J.A. Job 1–20. Word Biblical Commentary. Word, 1989.
Hartley, John E. The Book of Job. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Eerdmans, 1988.
Janzen, J.G. Job. Interpretation. WJK, 1990.
Longman III, Tremper. Job. Baker Commentary on the Old Testament Wisdom and Psalms. Baker, 2012.
Longman III, Tremper. The Fear of the Lord is Wisdom: A Theological Introduction to Wisdom in Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2017.
Longman III, Tremper and Peter Enns, eds. The Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings. IVP, 2008.
Murphy, R.E. Wisdom Literature: Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Canticles, Ecclesiastes, and Esther. FOTL. Eerdmans, 1981.
Perdue, L.G. Wisdom Literature: A Theological History. Minneapolis: WJK, 2007.
General Aspects of OT Study
Alter, R. The Art of Biblical Narrative. Basic Books, 1981
Alter, R. The Art of Biblical Poetry. Basic Books, 1985.
Crenshaw, J.L. Old Testament Wisdom: An Introduction. WJK, 1981.
Long, V.P. The Art of Biblical History. Zondervan, 1994.
Sailhamer, J. The Pentateuch as Narrative. Zondervan, 1992.
Wilson, R. Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. Fortress, 1980.
Yancey, P. The Bible Jesus Read. Harper Collins, 1999.
OT Backgrounds
Bright, J. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Westminster, 2000.
Hoerth, Alfred, ed. Peoples of the Old Testament World. Baker Academic, 1998.
Kaiser, Walter C. and Paul D. Wegner. A History of Israel: From the Bronze Age through the Jewish Wars. Revised ed. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2017.
Kaltner, John and Steven L. McKenzie, eds. Beyond Babel: A Handbook for Biblical Hebrew and Related Languages. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002.
King, P.J. and L.E. Stager. Life in Biblical Israel. WJK, 2001.
Matthews, V.H. and D.C. Benjamin. Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East. 2nd ed. Paulist Press, 1997.
Provan, Ian, V.P. Long, and Tremper Longman III. A Biblical History of Israel. WJK, 2003.
Wegner, Paul. The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible. Baker, 1999.
OT Hermeneutics and Exegesis
Baker, David W. and Bill T. Arnold, eds. The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches. Baker, 1999.
Barr, James. The Semantics of Biblical Language. London: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Bray, Gerald. Biblical Interpretation: Past and Present. IVP, 1996.
Carson, D.A. Exegetical Fallacies. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Paternoster, 1996.
Chrisholm Jr., Robert B. Interpreting the Historical Books. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
Duvall, J. Scott, and J. Daniel Hays. Grasping God’s Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012.
Fee, Gordon D. and Douglas Stuart. How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth. 3rd ed. Zondervan, 2003.
Futato, Mark D. Interpreting the Psalms. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
Gorman, Michael J. Elements of Biblical Exegesis: A Basic Guide for Students and Ministers. Revised and expanded ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2010.
Goldsworthy, Graeme. Gospel-Centered Hermeneutics: Foundations and Principles of Evangelical Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2014.
Jobes, Karen H. and Moisés Silva. Invitation to the Septuagint. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2015.
Köstenberger Andreas J. and Richard D. Patterson. For the Love of God’s Word: An Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Abridged and revised ed. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2015.
Longenecker, Richard N. Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Moseley, Allan. From the Study to the Pulpit: An 8-Step Method for Preaching and Teaching the Old Testament. B&H, 2018.
Osborne, Grant R. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Revised and expanded. 2nd ed. Downers Grove: IVP, 2006.
Plummer, Robert L. 40 Questions about Interpreting the Bible. 40 Questions Series. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2010.
Porter, Stanley E., and Beth M. Stovell, eds. Biblical Hermeneutics: Five Views. Spectrum Multiview Book. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2012.
Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WJK, 2009.
McKenzie and Haynes, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning. 2nd ed. John Knox Press, 1999.
Taylor, Richard A. Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature. Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis. Kregel, 2014.
Wegner, Paul. A Student’s Guide to Textual Criticism of the Bible: Its History, Methods, and Results. Downers Grove: IVP, 2006.
Wegner, Paul. Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible. Baker Academic, 2004.
Vanhoozer, Kevin J., ed. Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament: A Book-by-Book Survey. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008.
Biblical Theology
Beale, G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission: A Biblical Theology of the Dwelling Place of God. New Studies in Biblical Theology 17. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004.
Dempster, Stephen G. Dominion and Dynasty: A Biblical Theology of the Hebrew Bible. New Studies in Biblical Theology 15. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.
Gentry, Peter John. Kingdom through Covenant: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants. 2nd ed. Wheaton: Crossway, 2018.
Greidanus, Sidney. Preaching Christ from the Old Testament: A Contemporary Hermeneutical Method. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Goldsworthy, Graeme. According to Plan: The Unfolding Revelation of God in the Bible. Downers Grove: IVP, 2002.
Heiser, Michael S. Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. Bellingham: Lexham Press, 2015.
Merrill, Eugene H. Everlasting Dominion a Theology of the Old Testament. Nashville: B&H, 2006.
Ollenburger, Ben C., ed. Old Testament Theology: Flowering and Future. Rev. ed. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2004.
Prussner, Frederick C. and John H. Hayes. Old Testament Theology: Its History and Development. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1985.
Routledge, Robin. Old Testament Theology: A Thematic Approach. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2012.
Waltke, Bruce K. and Charles Yu. An Old Testament Theology: An Exegetical, Canonical, and Thematic Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007.
Wright, Christopher J.H. Knowing God through the Old Testament. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2019.
Wright, Christopher J.H. The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. IVP, 2013.
Wright, Christopher J.H. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. IVP, 2004.
OT Introduction
Bartholomew, Craig G. and David J.H. Beldman. Hearing the Old Testament: Listening for God’s Address. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006.
Hamilton, Victor P. Handbook on the Pentateuch. 2nd ed. Baker, 2005.
Hamilton, Victor P. Handbook on the Historical Books. Baker, 2001.
Chisolm Jr., Robert B. Handbook on the Prophets. Baker, 2002.
Estes, Daniel J. Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms. Baker, 2005.
Longman III, Tremper and Raymond B. Dillard. An Introduction to the Old Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006
